The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet Essay The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet. This play was written in the early 17th century. The plot of this play is two families in Verona. The Capulets and Montagues which have been fighting for many years. At the Capulets party Romeo Montague sees Juliet Capulet and they fall in love. Its not long after were Romeos and Juliets love is doomed as neither family will accept their marriage. Friar Lawrence tries to put things right but his plans are doomed to failure and the couple commit suicide each believing the other is dead. After so many deaths do the families realise they are to blame. We will write a custom essay on The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Elizabethan times arranged marriages was a common thing. Women of the age thirteenth or fourteen were married of to a much older man. Juliet was thirteen when lord Capulet thought of marrying her to Paris, a much older man. The reason of this is because they would want a babe boy. To continue the heir of the family. Juliet agreed to marry Paris until she meet Romeo and fell in love with him. She then disobeyed her father and refused to marry Paris. As she was in love with Romeo. Disobeying her father she knows she has to suffer the consequence. Friar marries Romeo and Juliet together without the parents permission trying to reunite the families. But doesnt work. Meaning now she cant get married to Paris as she already married to Romeo. In Elizabethan times men were head of the house what ever they said was expected to be obeyed. Women were controlled by the males. Women at the ages of thirteen and fourteen were married of to a much old man. Men were less responsible they would do anything they pleased. The children of them times would be bought up by a Nurse. Capulet is head of the family. Like all Elizabethan fathers he is expected to be obeyed. Capulet is a kind considerate father. Capulet discusses his daughters marriage with Paris. She is the hopeful lady of my earth. The things he says about Juliet shows she is very close to his heart and his words suggest she is very important to him as she is the only surviving child of Lord Capulet. Lord Capulet is well liked in the community. He invites many local people to attend the Capulet party. All attended and even some extras. Through fair Verona, find those person but whose names are written there, and to them say my house and welcome on their pleasure stay. Capulet is insisted on being obeyed as he is head of the household and shows that he demands total respect and expects to be obeyed from all members and servants of the family. Am I the master here, or you? An example of Capulets temper is when Juliet refuses to do as she is told and Capulet gets furious. I tell thee what, get thee church o Thursday or never after look me in the face. The reason Capulet gets angry is because he is being disobeyed and he demands respect. Capulet is very cruel and heartless when Juliet disobeys him. He hurls abuse at Juliet, calling her names which would have been incredibly insulting in the Elizabethan times because she refused to do as she was told and didnt want to get married to Paris. Out, you green-sickness carrion! Out, you baggage! Lady Capulet is seen as a typical well -to-do lady of the Elizabethan period. She didnt have much to do with the bringing of her daughter Juliet. Lady Capulet is a very much loyal, obedient wife and mother. .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .postImageUrl , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:visited , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:active { border:0!important; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:active , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How effectively does Priestly communicate his message to the audience in Act 1 EssayWhen she discusses her daughters marriage to Paris she panics because she doesnt really know much about her own daughter as she didnt have much with bringing her up. So she calls the Nurse back into the room needing her help to persuade Juliet to accept Paris. Nurse, come back again. I have rememberd me, thous her our council. The Nurse talks about the important events in Juliets life. She could have run and waddled all about. It is also obvious that her husband has been a father figure to Juliet. Lady Capulet tells Juliet she must obey her father and marry Paris. She upholds her husbands position as head of the household. Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn. She expects Juliet to be happy to marry Paris and passes Capulets wishes to Juliet. We see lady Capulets cruel, uncaring side as Juliet refuses to obey her father she brings dishonour on the family. Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word. We see the irony of her words as Juliets death occurs very soon after. They also reveal her cold, callous side as she is unwilling to support her daughter. Juliet is the only surviving child of Lord and Lady Capulet. Juliet was thirteen years old, which was consider old enough for her to get married in Elizabethan society. She is not a typical submissive daughter. She agrees to consider Paris as her husband but then falls in love with Romeo. Juliet is very fond of the Nurse and shares her secrets with her. Juliet was raised by the Nurse ever since she was born. This shows that there is a strong bond between the two like mother and daughter. She share all her secrets with the Nurse particularly those about Romeo. The Nurse is like a mother to Juliet. I faith I am sorry that thou art not well. Sweet, sweet, Nurse, tell me what says my love? Juliet is very quick to betray her family honour when she discovers Romeos identity. Juliet knows that her families would never agree to their marriage as Romeo is the son of her fathers enemy. My only love sprung form my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and know too late. Prodigious birth of love it is to me that I must love a loathed enemy. Juliet is stubborn and refuses to marry Paris, disobeying her fathers specific orders. As she is in love with Romeo. England had a strong catholic tradition and having to husbands was not legal. Juliet made it very clear that she will not marry Paris. Unfortunately she is unable to tell her parents as it would result in Romeos death. Now, by Saint Peters church, and peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride! The only thing Juliet now had left was the Nurse even her she losses when the Nurse tells her to forget Romeo and to marry Paris as the Nurse is on her parents side, fearing she may lose her job and leave the Capulet family. Speakest thou from the heart? Juliet then realises she has no-one to turn to for support. The Nurse was a loyal family servant; she is employed by the Capulets, as a wet nurse. She treats Juliet as her own daughter. The Nurse is very fond of Juliet she treats her like her own daughter and supports her when ever she has any problems with Romeo accept. The Nurse bought up Juliet ever since she was born and has always been there for her. Thou wast the prettiest babe that eer I nursed. The Nurse encourages Juliet to continue her relationship with Romeo and interferes with the families business. She really cares for Juliet and is aware of the situation and Juliets infatuation. She is also aware of the feelings of the Capulets and Montagues. .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .postImageUrl , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:visited , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:active { border:0!important; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:active , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drama portfolio two EssayHie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, There stays you a husband to make you a wife. The Nurse fails to support Juliet when is told to marry Paris and lets Juliet down badly. The reason the nurse tells Juliet to forget Romeo and marry Paris is because she backs Juliets parents. Romeos a dishclout to him. Fearing the Capulets would find out she was meddling with the families business and she would be throw out the house and nobody would then employ her knowing she isnt trustworthy and her life would have been ruined. The young members of the families play an important part in the play. They braw at every opportunity to maintain their family honour. They are sons of wealthy people the Capulets and Montagues. They dont have much to do in their time. Tybalt is the cousin of Juliet. The young Capulets and Montagues are always ready to fight each other and this causes problems and anger in Verona. Prince Escalus anger towards the behaviour of the Capulets and Montagues threatens the families with death if theres another incident as it has just gone too far. If ever you disturb the our streets again, Your lies shall pay the forfeit of the peace. Not only the young members of the family fight but even the servants see it as their duty to fight and insult each other. Do you bite your thumb at us, sir? This was regarded as a rude gesture, a serious insult, and they would fight over it. They would find anyway to start a fight. As they have nothing else to do. Tybalts desire to protect the family honour is cause of two deaths. He is the man agitator of the young men. Romeo went to the Capulets party uninvited but not causing any problems. Tybalt sees Romeos presents and sees it as an insult on the family turning up uninviting. Here Tybalt is being belittled and treated as a child by his uncle. It fits when such a villain is a guest; Ill not endure him. This causes Tybalt to desire revenge upon Romeo which he performs later on in the play which results in his own death. This event has transformed Tybalts hatred into more personal hatred towards Romeo rather than just hatred for the whole Montague family. Tybalts use of language makes his character appear determined and adamant. He is an argumentative young man which you can see in the way he speaks to his uncle about what he wishes to do. He looks out for trouble and loves fighting which is why he desires to fight Romeo. I think Shakespeare has explored the theme of family values. He has shown how the families get along. The males are head of the household and accepted total respect and obedience. What they said was expected to be done. If not they had to suffer the consequences. The 21st century audience can learn that families shouldnt fight they are many other ways to settle a problem. Your family is they closes thing that you will have throughout your life, and they people you can trust.

Prejudice Against Gay Parents

Prejudice Against Gay Parents Free Online Research Papers Why is there so much prejudice against gay parenting? Who decides that homosexuals cannot be parents? Within society there has been opposition toward it due to the idea that homosexuality is not natural. But homosexuals are parents, many from previous heterosexual relationships, others through adoption, and very few from sperm donors or invitro fertilization. Research done on these situations has shown no negative effects toward the child. If the child is brought up in a loving environment it does not matter weather one mother, two fathers, or one mother and one father are the people raising the child. The risk of molestation or any other form of abuse of a child, which is being raised by a homosexual, is the same, if not lower that of that of a child being raised by heterosexuals. The standard which society sets for a family and who may raise a child should be examined and reevaluated to include loving parents, not just heterosexual couples. Society has a huge problem with homosexuals having and raising children; this problem is sprung from the idea that homosexuality is not natural. This idea then leads to the argument that since homosexuality is not natural, is it natural for homosexuals to raise or have children? Lets say that it is normal for there to be homosexuals then the argument is that God has prevented them from having children, and they are not meant to raise children. If one takes this argument then you have to take into consideration that by this definition society is condemning heterosexual couples that can not have children. Is this what society wants? Most children that are contained in a homosexual relationship are from previous heterosexual relationships, although the percentages are moving toward the other two forms and the percentages are starting to even out (Shapiro 1996). Gaining custody of a child or children from a previous heterosexual relationship is the most common form of children being placed in a homosexual family. This form of placing a child in a homosexual family is the least controversial because there is one parent from the childs original family. This particular form is the most socially acceptable because the child has usually experienced the relationship that their heterosexual parents had. This means that the child would have a more diverse and better view of his/her choices to do with sexuality; having a better view than a child from a heterosexual relationship. Adoption is another way for homosexuals to acquire children. Some issues relating to this are: if one takes the argument that homosexuals were not made to have children, then you have to agree that heterosexual couples that are not able to have children, should not be able to adopt. (Brienza) The fact of the matter is that we as humans have a common urge or desire to raise children regardless of our sexual tendencies and there should not be any discrimination due to social prejudices. The most controversial way that homosexuals are having children is through the use of donor sperm or Invitro fertilization for the lesbians. Lesbians are artificially inseminated by gaining access to sperm and impregnating themselves. There are two ways for lesbians to become impregnated. Either a man inseminates them naturally, or they go to a sperm bank. This is the major issue because of the very fact that gays cannot have children with their partners, this problem is only there, once again, because of social prejudice. It is socially acceptable for heterosexual couples or females to conceive by non-natural methods, but when a lesbian wants to have a child and follow her natural tendencies there is an uproar. The research that has been done with children raised in gay families is very limited and there have been no documented case studies. This is because the issue has only really come to a head in the last 20 years. This means that the long-term effects, if any, on the childs mental health have not had a chance to be recognized. The research that has been done, however; has not uncovered any adverse effects. The main issue is the family environment that the child is being raised in. If a child is raised in a loving and stable home, they are generally classed as normal children and they usually grow up to join the bulk of society. (Crawford) So the question is whether a loving and stable gay family is different from a loving and stable heterosexual family. There are a lot of good aspects of children being raised in gay families. The children have a greater openness toward minority groups and other groups that are subject to social prejudice. (Benkov) Prejudice is the highest form of ignorance and since the child has grown up in an environment that is very open and they have experienced discrimination at a high level, they will inevitably be more accepting. Children that are raised in homosexual homes are not as affected by taunts when they are growing up as similar children raised in heterosexual homes. This means that these children are much better equipped to cope with schoolyard bullying. Wouldnt it be a good thing that children do not worry about these situations as much? As a result of the children understanding that major taunts are more important than schoolyard minor problem they would not dish out insults. The main concern of society isnt that gays as humans are raising children but the affect that being gay is going to have on the children, and whether or not they are going to turn out normal. An American study found that children of homosexual parents have similar IQs, develop typical friendships, have a normal mental health and are no more likely to be confused about their sexuality (Shapiro 1996). This is not to say that the children are distributed in the same ratio in sexual preference. Actually, homosexual parents have a higher percentage of gay offspring. This is unlikely to do with the parenting style of the gay parents; however, considering that the latest research shows that homosexuality is largely genetic (Shapiro 1996). It may mean that there is an earlier realization of the childs sexual preference. The general social idea is that, both a mom and a dad are essential for a balanced upbringing. If we take the example of a boy, he needs both a mom and a dad for the various parts of his mental and physical development so he can turn out to be a normal man (Not In Their Best Interest). The very fact that normal is dictated by society is the biggest downfall in this argument. If being gay were fully acknowledged by society and seen as part of being normal then there would be no problem with a normal gay person raising children. If homosexuality is genetic then being gay is part of being normal. This means that it would make sense if gay parents raised gay children for the very reason that the parents would be more open and less prejudiced about being gay. Another advantage of gay parents raising children is that they are raised in a world that they can see both sides to sexuality and they can make a more informed choice and follow their inner sexuality. There is only one more issue that is of major concern to the general population and that is the one of pedophilia. This is a major concern because:Even though homosexuals represent less than three percent of the US population, at least on-third of all child molestations involve homosexual activity. Thus, the propensity for pedophilia is far higher among homosexuals(Dudley 1992). Going on these factors, it is a very big risk to let homosexuals raise children. These results are not of homosexual parents but are of homosexual activity, thus not all performed by homosexuals and there is a very slim chance that the figures would include gay parents. If one thinks about the possibility of molesting a child and even their own offspring, it is utterly revolting. There is unfortunately a small percentage of the population that feel that this is normal or feel the need to act in this way. Although the majority of these acts are homosexual in nature the very act that these people perform is perverted and not parenting. In todays society there is a given norm of what a family should and shouldnt be. The very word, family, is referring to a relationship that contains children. The socially accepted version of a family is that there is a mom and a dad and children; not two dads or two mothers. There is a growing number of the latter type of families and society is very split on whether these families are right, and fit for raising children. Society in general has to take a look at themselves and start to work out their own prejudices toward homosexuals. The fact that someone is homosexual is not sufficient enough reason for him or her not to be able to have and raise children in the manner they feel fit. Society will have to get used to the fact that homosexuals are humans too. Bibliography Benkov, Laura \\\Gay With Children\\\. The Advocate. October 1997 p81 Brienza, Julie. Joint adoptions by gays are put on even ground with heterosexual couples. Trail. March 1998. p 98. Crawford, Jill M. \\\Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services\\\ May-June 1999, Volume 80. Dudley, W. (1993) Homosexuality- opposing views. (pp 184-197) USA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Gays Adopting: The horror Current Events-US. 24 December 1997 http://usnews.about.com/new/497.htm Gallup Poll. Increased acceptance of same sex marriages, adoption. 28 May 1998. Gay couples can adopt. Trial. September 1995 p 107. McGraw, Dan. The governor and gays. U.S. News. 5 April 1999. Not in Their Best Interests. Homosexual activists demand the right to adopt. 19 March 2000. cwfa.org/library/family. Shapiro, J.P. (September 16, 1996) Kids with gay parents: as lawmakers battle gay marriages, a look at how the children fare (pp 75-79) U.S: U.S. News World Report Inc. Research Papers on Prejudice Against Gay ParentsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingThe Spring and Autumn

History of world migrations-kindle chapter 3 Essay

History of world migrations-kindle chapter 3 - Essay Example In the early modern duration, migrations again connected the continents by the process of colonization and also coerced migration of people or communities. Political issues such as citizen and alien were also introduced during the early modern migration period. Migrations changed pattern during recent history. The nation states together with the transnational federations identified new approaches of controlling individuals who migrated through their borders (Fisher 76). The migration process is illustrated chronologically and at different levels. For example, the migration involving individual communities, to the bigger migration patterns that entails collective movements of the big ethnic groups. The human movement processes involved; emigration, immigration and also migration. Emigration entails human movement away from a given locality like a state. Immigration involves movement into a place or territory like nation or town, Migration is the human movement from one place to another; for example, from one country to another. Migration process contributed directly to the diversity of the human population, because people adapted to different social, physical and natural environments. Human migration has been historically shaped by three factors; polities, environment and technology. Political factors like colonization lead to the migration of Africans to Europe and the Americas as providers of cheap or slave labor (Fisher 73). Technological developm ents in the telecommunication and transport sectors have enhanced movement of people; for example, from rural areas to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. Environmental issues like floods and droughts forced human populations to move to safer areas like the

Recommendations for further studies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recommendations for further studies - Article Example It may help them in taking adequate care and in designing their courses in a manner that takes into consideration such errors and help their students in successfully overcoming them. The copula, or rather the omission of the copula is one such error which is frequently observed in case of foreign students learning English, particularly Arabic students since there is no such verb in Arabic language structure. This paper on â€Å"The Omission of English Copula (verb to be) by Arabic students attempts to analyze various studies and historical evidences that supports such a fact and understand the difficulties faced by Arabic students.  Various researchers, have frequently, relied on error analysis as the means of evaluating the occurrence of certain types of errors made by L2 learners to understand the pattern as well as reasons behind such errors. Richards et al (1996) states that error analysis have been frequently conducted by researchers to classify and develop strategies which may help the students in learning any language and obtain information on general complexities experienced by the students and help the teachers in preparing appropriate course materials. Michaelides (1990) suggests that the methodical evaluation of errors committed by students are of immense significance to researchers and all those concerned since it offers valuable insights into the students psyche in comprehending a foreign language (Abu-Jarad, 2008). It is on account of such reasons that this study is focused on the errors committed by Arab students of English language with regard to copula omission. A discussion of issues related to various topics such as: an overview of the Arabic language and its system; the difference between Arabic and English language structure in terms of speaking, writing etc; as well as the omission of copula in Arabic is presented in the literature review to afford a comprehensive understanding of such an issue, to the readers as well as future

Current Knowledge in Spatial Thinking in Geography Essay

Current Knowledge in Spatial Thinking in Geography - Essay Example Going by Eliot’s depiction, it is worthwhile to note that intellectual knowledge extrapolates far much beyond observational information or simple sensory. In the field of geography, this extension is well displayed partly in the various forms of representation. Such models become critical in summarizing, analyzing and interpretation to unpack spatial existence and relational traits (Bednarz & Lee, 2011). Towards the late 20th century, there has been a significant deviation in the nature of geographic knowledge. In its history as a discipline, geographic knowledge has been declarative, thus focusing on collection and representation of the physical and human occurrences based on existence. During this period, there has been a change from the inventory dominated practice. The new dispensation sought the creation of knowledge through the emphasis on cognitive demands. Such demands sought to address the questions as to why and how in addition to what and where tags that initially i nterrogated. Consequently, the accumulation of geographic knowledge has changed to item transformation, feature and distribution matching in real-time as well as item manipulation. Such a shift has enabled the solution of tasks such as understanding spatial co-linearity either in negative or positive orientations. Moreover, the logical, inductive and deductive inference has allowed for the recognition of geographic associations. This new way of reasoning and thinking, in turn, called for the development of new data, new representation methods, new modes of spatial analysis and interpretation. More importantly, the new thinking and reasoning required that geographers must consider multiple disciplines. Traditionally, the discipline of geography has provided numerous general education courses. Physical geography introduces students to systems of the earth including anthropogenic and physical factors that shape the earth. On the other hand, human geography provides an insight into the patterns of human activities in a range of scales. However, few of such general education aspects emphasize quantitative solving of problems and technology. Therefore, it is critical for geographers to inculcate aspects of spatial literacy and thinking in institutions of learning (Bednarz & Lee, 2011). According to Goodchild (2007), spatial literacy is the ability to capture and communicate knowledge in the form of a graphical representation and understanding, recognizing and interpreting patterns. With this regard, he points out that geography is not merely a list of places in the world. The value of geography can only be achieved by organizing and discovering information. Additionally, its worth as a discipline can be realized by comprehending such basic information as scale and spatial resolution. As pointed out in National Research Council (NRC) report, Learning to Think Spatially, it is paramount to fully equip next generation of students with spatial literacy so as to work and live in the 21st century. Ultimately, spatial thinking is an integral part of the success of the students. Living beings and their immediate surroundings are situated in space. Human-environment interactions must be comprehended in terms of locations, shapes, directions, distances, and patterns (NRC, 2006).  

Aspects of English Language

Aspects of English Language The language is the collection of symbols and rules for combining the symbols, which can express and infinite variety of messages. In the definition, language separate to three criteria. First is language is symbolic which known as the use of symbols such in spoken or written words to express ideas to the world. The second is language is generative which define as the capability to produce many different messages by combining symbols in different ways. The third language as structured which mean following grammatical rules and produce grammatical sentences. Besides the criteria, language has three aspects such as grammar, meaning and sounds. Three Aspects of Language Grammar is known as a set of rules for producing correct sentences in a language. Meaning is known as semantic understanding of sentences but is not necessary grammatically correct. Meaning of words can represent by breaking them into morphemes which is known as small units of meanings. Morphemes include stem words, prefixes and suffixes. For example word unfairly which has stem word as fair adding of prefix un and suffix ly and these morphemes produces changes in word stem. Each of morphemes contributes the different meaning for the words. The sounds are also very important in language. Its produce the phonemes to understand the spoken sentences. In hierarchical organization when producing sentences people will make error in speaking or slip of the tongue. The errors also can divide into word errors, morphemes errors and phoneme errors. There are other types errors occur in the linguistic such as word exchange, morpheme exchange and phoneme exchange. Word exchange is an error in whi ch two linguistic units are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example buying mother for my fruits rather than buying fruits for my mother. The morpheme exchange is known as error in which two morphemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, sentence like speakly loud rather than speak loudly. Finally, phoneme exchange is known as an error in which two phonemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, twit nower for twin tower. Psychology and Grammar Psychologists are interest to study how people learn to speak in grammatically correct sentences. Phrase structure grammar can define as a set of rules for partitioning a sentence into its grammatical units and it has 3 rules. The first is partitions the sentence into noun phrase followed by verb phrase. The second rule is states that the noun phrase can be partitioned into a determiner followed by a noun. The third rule states that the verb phrase can be partitioned into a verb followed by noun phrase, which is again broken down into a determiner and a noun. But Chomsky (1965) found that the phrase structure grammar does not explain how sentences can be modified to form of similar meaning. Later it came up with transformational grammar which known as a set of rules for transforming a sentence into a closely related sentence. For example, how we change an active statement into a passive statement. Besides that, words can be grammatical clues. The relation between meaning and grammar is important because producing a grammatical sentence does not make the sentence will be meaningful. The meaning of words sometimes provides hints as to grammatical phrases will come next in sentences. Many words have more than one meaning but this would not confuse us. The context in which the word appears gives information about which meaning is appropriate. Carpenter and Danemans (1981) general model of the stages involved in the sentence comprehension. The first stage is as fixate and encode the next word and then second stage is retrieving the meanings of words. The third step is try to integrate retrieved concepts with prior context and the fourth step is seeing whether it has integration been successfully completed for at least one concept. If the integration is successful, the process encodes next code and if not successful, we try to recover the error. Using Semantic Context in Sentence Comprehension The word recognition is often facilitated by the semantic context. Sometimes, people face difficulties in recognizing a word when reading the illegible handwriting and they rely on the surrounding words and sentences to help us identify the illegible word. People also select the meaning of ambiguous words by looking context of sentences. In resolving ambiguities, good readers those who are active in working memory able to interpret of an ambiguous word and quickly select the suitable meaning when they receive a clarifying context. Interpreting phrases is to produce syntactic and semantic representations of a sentence and relate the sentence to prior knowledge. For example, when people heard phrase a business man and they might have few interpretation like have luxury cars, a big bangle and rich with money. Implication of Sentences Comprehension is considering how people understand sentences in which the information asserted directly. But, using language can imply something without directly. In Courtroom testimony, implications can influence not only how a witness responds to questions but also helps the jury to remember about testimony of witness. The implication without telling the original meaning of something can find advertising. Some advertisement tells the problems face by customer and show their product as solution. So that people then understand how the product functioning. Literature Review Title: Investigating the role of language in childrens early educational outcomes From: Sue Roulstone, Judy Clegg Tim Paters (2010) Children develop their language skill at 2 years old. Their communication environments influence mainly their language development. The communication environments are the context where the children improve their language for example, interaction or activity with child and parent, playing with others, television program and others. In childhood period most children develop their speech and language skills with less effort. Roulston, Clegg and Paters (2010) have conducted a longitudinal study about their communication environment in childrens early educational performances. They want examine the characteristics of the environment in which children learn to communicate and extends which affect children readiness for school (language skills, reading, mathematics and social skills). They came up with three research questions. First is what extent is childs early language development associated with performance on assessments in schools. The second is what extent is the childs early communication environment associated with performance on the assessments. Third is what are the characteristics of the children early communication environment that contribute to the children language developments. They conducted the study on children who are in 24 months from 4941 boys and 4688 girls. The test conducted with questionnaires which complete by the mothers. The data collected about children academic performance from children schools. They found that from view of impact of children early language development on school entry, the language influenced mainly from social class or social background where children come from. The learning early language made an important contribution to the variation in childrens performance. Children understandings and use of vocabulary are very strongly associates with their performance. Besides that, from view of the impact of children communication environment, children who are early ownership of book, trips to library, get good attendance in school, parents teaching with activities and toys achieved higher scores on the assessment. Children also improve language from television program however, the increasing duration in time of watching television affect childs academic at school negatively. From the view of role of communication environment in the development of language skills, both childrens language skills communication environment are important for outcomes at start of primary schools. Communication environment helps to learn vocabulary, understanding of meaning of words and develop speech. Therefore, the role of language becomes clear within 24 months. Parents should make sure that children have better communication environment which help them to develop their language skills.

Driving Ability Essay -- essays research papers

What things affect your driving ability? There are many things that affect your driving ability. Your emotional, vision and physical condition are just a few. Responsibility, maturity, and self-control are factors that affect your driving. It’s not just skill that matters. It’s your ability to think clearly and make sound, responsible decisions. Everybody experiences strong feelings that are both positive and negative. When you experience a strong negative emotion, you may feel as if you have to display forcefulness. This can lead to driving aggressively. This is called road rage. Violence is sometimes associated with road rage. Strong emotions can have an effect on your driving. They can interfere with your ability to manage the risk involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inattention and lack of concentration may affect your driving. Both of them take your mind off of the road. It could be you being preoccupied or thinking about an exciting basketball play. It may be that you are thinking about a test that you need to study for, your boyfriend or girlfriend. The lack of concentration may cause you to speed or break other driving rules without you realizing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safe driving is a full-time job for your mind and your body. Drivers must be in a state of mind that allows them to see, hear, acknowledge signals of the roadway and behave accordingly. If the occasion ever occurs when you’re not in the right state of mind, allow someone else to drive fo...