The Miracle Worker ( 1962 ) Essay - 1418 Words

Communication in The Miracle Worker (1962) The basic communication concepts can be utilized to evaluate analyze the plotlines and character relationships of many classic movies. In this paper, the 1962 version of The Miracle Worker is discussed and analyzed in terms of these communication concepts. The movie revolves around the story of Helen Keller, a seven year old girl who became deaf and blind after contracting an infection during her infancy. In order to teach Helen how to communicate, her parents (Kate and Captain Keller) hire a visually impaired schoolteacher by the name of Anne Sullivan. The film demonstrates Helen’s struggle to communicate with her parents and Anne and how Helen slowly begins to learn, despite her disabilities. The concepts that I learned in class each helped me to see the movie from a different perspective. The topics of conflict, perception, and non-verbal communication make up the majority of the film’s plotline. Each one of these topics will be discussed in a paragraph about how it was represented in the film. Throughout the course of the film, there were various conflicts that took place between the main characters. The conflicts mainly occur between Anne and Helen and between Kate and Captain Keller. Most of the time, the conflicts are started because of an overall frustration trying to communicate with Helen. Conflicts can arise because of many different factors, but in this case, these conflicts arise because of Helen’s disabilities. InShow MoreRelatedEssay on Movie Review of Stigmata1666 Words   |  7 Pagesstigmata is psychosmatic or if it is Divine Intervention, and the authenticity of many cases of stigmata are questioned. Several different web sites state St. Francis of Assissi is know as the first true case of stigmata (Stan Griffing, Workers for Jesus; Miracles vs. Forteana; Is Stigmata For Real?; Joe Nickell, Skeptical Inquirer; Absalom Coutinho, The gospel truth; R. Biot, The Enigma of the Stigmata) this much is undoubtedly true, however, St. Paul wrote ...I bear in my body the marks of theRead MoreThe Miracle Worker Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe basic communication concepts can be utilized in everyday conversation and can be seen in different forms of media, such as television and film. In this paper, the 1962 version of The Miracle Worker is discussed and analyzed in terms of these communication topics and I will discuss how our communications class made me see this movie differently. In the movie, the concepts regarding conflict, perception, non-verbal communication, and paralanguage make up the majority of the film’s plotline. EachRead MoreNew Currents Of European Cinema1270 Words   |  6 PagesFrance at the time. Whereas New Wave was a revitalization with a French cinematic identity that was deteriorating, Cinema Du Look was a celebration of the perceived completion of that identity. In May of nineteen sixty eight there were large scale workers riots in protest of the sovereignty of General de Ga ulle. â€Å"Cinà ©ma du look †¦ was untouched by politics, because the desires of 1968 had been realized with the election †¦ General de Gaulle’s †¦ adversary. And with the need for a political voice removedRead MoreMiracle Rising: South Africa558 Words   |  2 Pages Miracle Rising is the story about the end of the apartheid and the transition to a new democracy that took place in South Africa. The story is narrated through the personal and intimate accounts from politicians, world leaders, celebrities, and journalists in which the inspiring story of the journey from apartheid and democracy. Miracle Rising is not only a testament to the political accomplishments that were made in South Africa, but to the growth of humanity. People, both ordinary and iconicRead MoreThe Communist Utopi A Free Car, Peace, And Free Healthcare1476 Words   |  6 PagesTrade Center, the tallest building in Beijing), and helicopter transport services are enjoyed by the local residents. Economically, Huaxi claims to have the highest GDP per capita among all Chinese villages. The Huaxi Group employs at least 25000 workers, most of whom lived outside of the legal boundary of the village, and the corporation generates approximately USD 7.7 billion revenue annually. The vi llage corporation has about 2000 shareholders (called â€Å"stakeholders†), equivalent to the populationRead MoreHellen Keller Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pageschildren with disorders like hers. She was regarded as one of America’s most inspirational figures durring her lifetime. (facts about historical figures) Keller’s story was told in a television show called The Miracle worker in 1957. Later it became a bradway play in 1959. Then, in 1962 it became a film starring anne Bancroft as Sullivan and Patty Duke as Helen (both won acedemy awards for their performances). Helen made her last major public appearance in 1961 in Washington D.C at Lions clubsRead MoreEssay on Historical Monuments1316 Words   |  6 PagesEgyptian pyramids. New Grange was built only by stones, no metals or other foreign objects were used. This site was rediscovered in 1699. Charles Campbell, landlord at time, instructed his workers to gather some stones and soon enough, the entrance of the chamber was found. Excavations of the passage-tombs began on 1962-1975 by Professor Michael J. O’Kelly and his wife Claire O’Kelly. Each year, on winter solstice, a spectacular occurrence is witnessed as New Grange is illuminated by the sun. At sunriseRead MoreHow China Is Achieving Its Significant Economic Growth by Applying a Different Model Apart from Other East Asian Countries?1533 Words   |  6 Pagesyears† (People’s Daily, 2008; Turin, 2010), and people living at less than $1 a day has sharply declined to 13.4% in 2003 and further to 8% in 2009 from 6 0% in 1980 (Sahoo, Dash Nataraj, 2010). China’s dramatic rapid economic growth has been a miracle of in the world. Reflecting the notion that as one of the most significant emerging economies, the world centre may be shifted to China, thus a couple of research studies have turned their attention from western advanced economies’ to China, tryingRead MoreEssay on The Rise in the Price of Prescription Drugs1332 Words   |  6 Pagesproduction over the years, there have been astronomical gains in the technology of pharmaceutical drugs. More and more drugs are being made for diseases and viruses each day, and there are many more drugs still undergoing research and testing. These miracle drugs are expensive, however, and many Americans cannot afford these prices. Prescription drug prices rose three times faster than inflation in the decade between 1981 and 1991, making the pharmaceutical industry the nations most profitable businessRead MoreThe Significance of Nazi Propaganda under Hitlers Rule Essay3090 Words   |  13 Pagesthe first half of its existence, wrote that no-one who has not lived for years in a totalitarian land can possibly conceive how difficult it is to escape the†¦consequences of a regime’s calculated and incessant propaganda. (Shirer, 1962, p.248) However, what this essay will attempt to show is that whilst the significance of propaganda in maintaining Hitler in power cannot be underestimated, it is not all-pervasive; even Goebbel’s â€Å"full bag of tricks could not turn

Moral, Social, And Ethical Implications Of Cloning

Moral, Social, and Ethical Implications of Cloning â€Å"Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they can be made in the lab. Natural identical twins are similar to and different from clones made through modern cloning technologies.† (Genetic Science Learning Center) Cloning has many different aspects; there is the moral, social and ethical aspects of cloning. Along with this you have to consider who is being cloned. There is cloning for a human being, animal, or even food. Depending on what is being cloned is what determines if it is allowed or not. Throughout this paper I will discuss many of the aspects of cloning. â€Å"Many people first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Artificial cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though. There are two ways to make an exact genetic copy of an organism in a lab: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.† (Genetic Science Learning Center) This type of cloning has to do with organisms; so either human or animal. These techniques are done to produce twins. Though the techniques vary, they both are done to receive the same result. The type of cloning used to create Dolly the Sheep is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, also known as nuclear transfer or therapeutic cloning. â€Å"What makes dolly so special is that she was an exact geneticShow MoreRelatedEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"Theriputic Human Cloning Is Ethical,† by Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield; and various other articles, each author discusses his or her view on the morality of stem cell research and its use for human cloning. Kantian deontology is defined as treating the individual as more than a meansRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfereRead MoreGenetically Modified Animals : Genetic Engineering1518 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically Modified Animals Introduction In this research paper on gene technology I hope to share some understanding in the process of gene transfer in animals, the process of obtaining genetically engineered animals, and analyze the social and moral implications associated with this gene technology in animals. Genetic modification of animals started thirty years ago with the production of genetically modified mice. Gene modification is the process of crossing and selective breeding of animals andRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 Pagesrestricted moral boundaries to those of the Victorians, likely see Victors main crime within the novel more the perverse way in which the creation is carried out and more importantly Victors failure to nurture the offspring; his crime is against the traditional framework of the family (Feldman and Scott-Kilvert, 1987). Position Statement- At the very essence of the Frankenstein myth is the idea that humans have the technology and wisdom to create or duplicate life. This idea, cloning, is neitherRead MoreWhat Are the Ethical Issues of Human Cloning1463 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the issue of human cloning in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia which have made attempts or have done research in reproductive cloning. Countries like Australia have prohibited human cloning in 2006. (NHMRC, 2007) Advocates who involve congress members, editorial writers, fertility specialists...and so on gave benefits of human cloning, yet not enough to justify the moral and ethical issues underlying the controversy. Human cloning refers to the creation ofRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Science And Technology1147 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ethical concerns about its potential uses and terror of what might come next: human cloning. As reported in the article, â€Å"Clinton Bars F ederal Funds for Human Cloning Research† by CNN, in 1997, President Clinton stopped all federal funding for cloning. â€Å"Clinton also called on privately funded researchers to voluntarily implement a temporary moratorium on human cloning research ‘until our bioethics advisory committee and our entire nation has had time to... debate the ethical implications’† (CNN)Read MoreThe List Of Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning1624 Words   |  7 Pageslist of Pros and cons of human cloning Summary: The necessary technology has been created, as evident in the story of Dolly the sheep. People still pose questions such as the role of God in Society. Here is a list of pros of human cloning : It could eliminate defective genes , It is considered as the logical next step in the reproductive technology, It could aid in faster recoveries from injuries, it gives a new meaning to genetic modification. As all things human cloning also has cons. Here is a shortRead MoreEssay on The Dilemma of Cloning1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dilemma of Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Man is quickly approaching the reality of cloning a human being. Once regarded as a fantastic vision dreamed up by imaginative novelists, the possibility of creating a person in the absence of sexual intercourse has crossed over the boundaries of science fiction and into our lives. While genetic engineering has helped improve the quality of life for many people, it poses many ethical and moral questions that few are prepared to answer. The most current andRead MoreEthical Decision Making : The Sad Formula, And Nash s 12 Questions1205 Words   |  5 Pagesis important to not only reflect how we make ethical decisions to better understand our personal approach, but also incorporate a systematic approach that fits our code of ethics and guide us in solving ethical conundrums. Specific actionable steps should be taken and incorporated into our ethical decision making. Four psychological sub-processes affecting our ethical action include (a) moral sensitivity, (b) moral judgment, (c) moral focus, and (d) moral character. The following paper will addressRead MoreIs Cloning Be A Debate Of Morals And Human Privileges?1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is unethical since it steps back from human identity. In addition, it brings emotional mental damage for the cloned kid and absolutely discards the basic biological gene selection. For the most part, not a single person can manage to ignore the procedure that is made i n science today. Whereas scientific research, for instance grants us information and the procedure of being able to clone human beings, which is something nobody ever assumed could be possible. After watching the movie

Comparing Islamic Religion Free Essays

To compare the Islamic religion, one has to first define Islam. â€Å"The word Islam means surrender or submission to the will of Allah, the one God†(Webster). The word Islam conveys much meaning, especially those of submission and peace. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Islamic Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through the total submission to the will of God, also known as Allah, that one achieves peace with oneself, peace with the Creator, as well as peace with all creations. Muslims are believers who have submitted themselves to the will of God. The basic creed of Islam is the shahada. Shahada is the profession of faith: â€Å"I testify that there is no deity save God and that Muhammad is the messenger of God†(Schimmel 34). I study Buddhism. Buddhism is the name attributed to an intricate system of beliefs developed around the teachings of a single man known as the Buddha. Buddha is the title given to the Indian philosopher Gautama circa 2,500 years ago. Buddhism is a Western word. â€Å"The religion is known in the East as the Buddha-Dharma, or the teachings of the Buddha†(Maitreya 1). Buddhists share similar beliefs about the nature of the world and how to behave within it based on the teachings of the Buddha. Islam comes from the mouth of Muhammad. Buddhism is based on the Buddha†s personal experience of enlightenment. Thus, Muhammad is a divinely inspired teacher who preached the words of God†s will, whereas the Buddha shared his understanding of ‘the way† to attain enlightenment. Neither religion worships the tellers of the truth i. e. Muhammad and the Buddha. Instead, both religions recognize and appreciate the magnificent contribution both men have made as well as utilize the doctrines that summarize their school of thought-the Koran and the Four Noble Truths. The foundation of Islam is the Koran which is, for the pious Muslim, not the word of a prophet but the unadulterated word of God, which has become audible through Muhammad, the pure vessel, in clear Arabic language†(Schimmel 29). The main emphasis of the Koran is the oneness of Allah. All of humanity is regarded as subject to the will and power of Allah. It is He who has created mankind, and will one-day judge his creation. The faithful are called upon to believe in Allah and to listen to His Prophet and will be saved on Judgement Day. â€Å"The Four Noble Truths are the briefest synthesis of the entire teachings of Buddhism† (Maitreya 3). The first truth is that all life is unpleasant suffering, pain, and misery. The second truth is that this suffering is caused by selfish craving and passionate personal desire. The third truth is that this selfish craving can be overcome. The fourth truth is that the way to overcome the misery of life is by following the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path promotes sight and wisdom that will allow for inner peace, and ultimately enlightenment. The Koran†s principal assertion is that there is one God–the creator and sustainer of the universe. â€Å"This God, Allah, is compassionate and just. Because He is compassionate, He calls all people to believe in Him and worship Him†(Ali 6). Buddhism does not teach of gods. Instead, Buddhism teaches the way of life that Buddha comprehended-the Eightfold Path. The Koran declares that all of humanity is subject to the will and power of Allah. â€Å"It is a fundamental Islamic belief that we were created to serve (worship) Allah†(Ali 2). Islam religion regards mankind as the crown of creation, entrusted by God with management of the whole-created order. Humans can be weak and are susceptible to disbelief in God and to disobedience to His will. Humanity†s weakness is pride. Humans do not realize their limitations and believe they are self-sufficient. It is the people who are deluded by Satan that continued to disbelieve in Allah. Similarly, the Four Noble Truths proclaim that people make a mistake of being excessively egotistical. Analogously, Buddhism confirms that people error by identifying too strongly with personal existence in any one life. Unlike Muslims, who consider themselves committed to a mission by their belief in Allah, Buddhist aspires to escape from the sufferings of life. These two goals of life are vastly different. Muslims will always see themselves reflected in the eyes of God whereas Buddhists will never see a God, only their life as a cycle of rebirths until the release called Nirvana. The Islamic religion is an extensive, multidimensional, and complex topic just as Buddhism is. I acknowledge that I am neither an expert of the religion nor a religious scholar, yet. I am solely making a brief comparison between Islam with my own personal convictions and understandings of Buddhism. How to cite Comparing Islamic Religion, Essay examples

Democracy In Athens Essay Example For Students

Democracy In Athens Essay A Democracy is defined as a government of, by and for the people. Originally,democracy meant rule by the common people. In this sense, and even before thebeginning of modern class society, it was very much a class affair. It meantthat power should be in the hands of the largest class: the poorest, leasteducated and the propertyless. As a result, democracy was feared and rejected bythe educated, the cultured, and the wealthy. In classical Greece, democracy wasseen by the enlightened and the educated as one of the worst types of governmentand society imaginable. The rule of the people was regarded as a threat to allthe cherished values of a civilized and orderly society. It would curtailindividual freedom and would lead to anarchy. The political system of ancientAthens was a Democracy, which involved all of its citizens and not only theirrepresentatives, by giving then daily access to civic affairs and politicalpower. Both decision-making and decision-enforcing were the duty of everyci tizen, not just of those elected by them or by their leaders. The citizens ofAthens were directly involved not only in government matters, but also inmatters of justice, as there was no separation of powers in ancient Athens. TheAthenian Democracy is one of the more intriguing aspects of political history. It is a source for much of our modern conception of democracy, but it is alsoquite singular in many of its features. Athenian Democracy started developing atthe beginning of the 6th century BC. This development began not by a revolutionof simple people demanding political rights, but by the initiative of the rulingclass of ancient Athens in slow evolutionary ways. By the middle of the 5thcentury BC, Athens had developed into a pure and absolute Democracy. In 594 BC,Solon was appointed into power. He took immediate measures to relieve thecitizens from the burden of their debts and at the same time began aninstitutional effort to give everyday people a greater participation in cityaffairs. Solon gave right to vote to all male citizens and established a newcouncil of 400 (the Boule) to replace the Ecclesia. Members of the Boule werechosen randomly by lot. The term Solon is now often used to describe a wiselawmaker. In the year 560 BC, Pisitratus seized power after Solon. He wasthought t o be in the league with the Aristocrats, but soon proved to be an evengreater reformer than Solon. He abolished land ownership as a requirement forcitizenship. He mandated total redistribution of the land and exiled all peoplewho disagreed with him. Kleisthenes became a tyrant in 508 BC. He was anAristocrat who was dedicated to Democracy. He divided Athens in to ten tribesbased on geographical distribution and increased the Boule to 500 citizens. Through his reforms common citizens acquired a new sense of power with whichthey could come to expect and eventually to demand that all matters ofsignificance be submitted to their Assembly for discussion and then decision. This opened the way for the advanced form of Democracy. The result of tyrantsand reformers was the creation of the most democratic government in worldhistory. All officials were randomly chosen by lot. The revived Ecclesia hadfull and final authority of the making and execution of laws. Juries werecomprised of all citizens who chose to take part in the trial. In order to keeparistocrats from gaining control, Athenians adopted a policy of Ostracism, orexile, for those who would attempt to restore the Aristocracy. Although not allpersons living in Athens had these political rights, no other Democracy in humanhistory has provided such a magnificent level of participation. This politicalsystem, quite innovative for its times, shaped a society of a distinctcharacter, of great sensibility and of unusual cultural achievements. Theindividual citizen, willing to throw himself into the political fray had animpressive array of powers. He could propose a law, which, if it found enoughsupport, co uld be formulated by the Council of 500, put on the agenda of a laterAssembly meeting, discussed and voted upon at that meeting. He could act as adefender of the Constitution (like our Supreme Court) by bringing a prosecutionfor proposal of a law that was either illegal or not in the best interests ofthe state. Finally, he could bring a public prosecution against any othercitizen whether a private person or a magistrate (in the process ofexamination). Not even the most influential politician could escape the power ofthe Athenian citizenry, if he had lost their support. While we say in ourhistory books that the democracies of the Greek city-states were greataccomplishments, they, nevertheless, had numerous problems. All the major Greekphilosophers thought democracy was the worst form of government. Plato, in hiscritique of democracy in The Republic , claims that it allows people to followall their passions and drives without order or control; Aristotle claimed thatthe competing inter ests in a democracy makes for chaos rather than purposive anddeliberated action. Democracy did not seem to work very democratically at all,in fact. In Athens, the democratic Assembly was usually dominated by a singlepowerful, charismatic individual; this individual often dominated the Assemblybecause of his presence or oratorical skill rather than his individual worth. Asa result, the democratic governments could make some surprisingly foolishdecisions. The position of these charismatic leaders, however, was always veryunstable. The democratic Assemblies could change character overnight; they wouldoften eagerly follow a particular leader, and then exile that leader often forno reason Government functions were assigned to two bodies: ?h The Assembly,which focused on policy decision-making. ?h The Council, which concentrated onpolicy implementation and administrative matters. The Assembly was the supremedecision-making body in Athens, which met in an open area on a hill called thePnyx . Technically every male citizen over the age of 18 could attend everymeeting of the Assembly with the right to speak and vote on all matters ofdomestic and foreign policy. Space and other practical considerations, however,would not allow every citizen to attend every meeting. As well, not all citizenswanted to attend. In the fifth century, to get an assembling of people, publicslaves would proceed through the Agora carrying a long rope coated with freshred paint. Any citizen who was marked with this paint and was caught notattending the Assembly was subject to a penalty of some kind. When pay wasinstituted for attendance at the Assembly in the late fifth century, there wasno longer need to force citizens to attend. The Council consisted of 500 membersselected annually by lot, 50 from each of the ten Athenian tribes. All malecitizens over the age of 30 were eligible to serve in the Council, but servicein this body was not compulsory. In the various demes (local municipalities)that m ake up each tribe, citizens volunteered and were selected by lot forservice on the Council. Larger demes were represented by more councillors thansmaller ones. The minimum age was 30 years. A citizen could serve twice as acouncillor in his lifetime. The Council met everyday, except for festival daysand certain other forbidden days, in the Bouleuterion in the Agora. When theAssembly met, the Council would meet in the afternoon since most Assemblymeetings lasted only till noon. The primary responsibilities of this body werethe preparation of an agenda for the assembly and the supervision of themagistrates. Just as the Assembly required a smaller body (the Council) toprepare business for it, the Council needed a group much smaller than 500 tosupervise its activities. This supervision was performed by each contingent of50 Council members from one tribe, serving in turn (decided by lot) as prytaneisor presiding officers for 1/10 of the year The law courts wereanother crucial part of the Athenian democracy. No citizen was above the law, soas in America everyone, both rich and poor, had to submit to the judgement oftheir fellow citizens, who made up the juries. Jury service allowed the poor toparticipate in the political process. Their exercise of real political power inthese various capacities was a great source of annoyance to richer, moreconservative Athenians. Every year from citizens, who had volunteered, 6000jurors were selected by lot and were sworn in. Every day the courts were insession, a varying portion of this panel of 6000 would show up early in themorning, attracted by the prospect of getting paid for their jury duty. No jurorcould know ahead of time whether he was going to serve that day and, ifselected, which case he would be involved in. The reason for the complex processwas to prevent bribery. The size of jury panels varied from 201 to 401 inprivate lawsuits and from 501 to as high as 2501 in more important cases. Thelarge size of these panels also prevented the possibility of bribery. A secretballot also protected the jurors from outside influence. The court system wasrun by non-professionals. There were no professionally trained judges andlawyers. A law attributed to the sixth century BC lawgiver, Solon, stipulatedthat a prosecution could be undertaken by anyone who wanted to. ¡Ã‚ ¨A comparison with contemporary functions of government is very revealing: ?hNon executive head of state  ¡V The closest to this function was theepistates, chairman of the 50 prytaneis. The epistates was selected by drawn lotfrom the prytaneis, with a mandate of one day. Having once served as epistates,he was excluded from ever doing so again. The epistates summoned the prytaneisand the Council and was chairman of the Assmebly. He held the key to the statetreasury, together with the city seal. ?h Executive head of state  ¡VThis function did not exist in ancient Athens, for no one citizen ever held somuch power. Closest, perhaps, was the poili tical practice, which conferred onPerikles a personal impact similar to that of a head of government. This did notderive, however, from his title of general, but ratehr from the ability to getcontinuously re-elected, and to influence his fellow citizens on matters ofpolicy and courses of action pertaining to city affairs. ?h Government,Ministers  ¡V The Council (or Boule), was probably the closest body in theAthenian Democratic system to that of a contemporary government. The Councilconsisted of 500 citizens, selected by lot. Those, amongst them, entrusted withthe supervision of policy implementation fulfilled a role which approximated tominister for that project. ?h Legislative body  ¡V A Parliament, Congressor House of Representatives in the sense of a representative body empowered bythe people to legislate on the people ¡?s behalf did not exist inclassical Athens. All citizens were legislators. ?h Political parties  ¡VAthenian political leanings fell into two broad catego ries: the aristocrats(those supporting the prior political system where a selected few governed) andthe democrats ( those who favored the prevailing democratic system). However,these two schools of thought never manifested themselves in the form of clearlydefined, organized political parties. The development of modern democracy islinked fundamentally with the ideas of freedom and equality. In antiquitydemocracy was based exclusively on citizen rights, that is, on law shaped byman. Athenian democracy lacked the basic moral principle that stood at thecradle of modern democracy: not to take into account, whether in theory or inpolitical reality, the natural inequality of man. Modern democracy began byrealizing the idea of political equality, then strove for social equality, andfinally, at least in theory, claimed economic equality for all citizens. Insharp contrast, the evolution of ancient democracy stopped with the concept ofpolitical equality. Therefore, the definition of ancient de mocracy focusesprimarily on institutions and numbers of active citizens. Democracy in theclassical Greek sense signifies a particular type of society not a particularform of government. Athenian democracy meant the absence of a division betweenthe state and society. What this really meant was the absence of a professionalstate apparatus whose function was solely to administer the affairs of thecitizens. The citizen body governed itself directly through active participationin administering its own affairs. Participation in government was a duty whichfell upon every citizen. The current democratic model makes no such claims. Itrejects citizen participation, or what has come to be termed direct democracy,on the grounds of impracticality. More faithful proponents of elite theory wantto protect it from mass politics and mass opinion. Heart Of Darkness EssayCurrent political practice in the liberal democratic state does not howevernecessarily meet the criterion posed by advocates of the model. Democracy asgovernment of the representatives of the majority of the people is not easilyattainable. Both in the United States and in Britain participation in theelectoral process is relatively low. In Britain for example, it has been pointedout that no British government in the past forty years has been elected witheven a bare majority of the votes cast. In practice the government is elected byand so represents only the largest minority of those who vote. Thus the majorityof the voting public are governed by a government not of their own choosing. Onthe whole, the democracy served the Athenians well for over one hundred andeighty years. Of course, one could complain that the democracy excluded themajority of the population of Athens. Indeed women, resident aliens, and slavescould not participate in the democratic process. On the other hand, Atheniandemocracy allowed and fostered a degree of direct participation in thedemocratic process unknown in modern democracies. BibliographyAbbot, Evelyn. A History of Greece. New York, New York.: Putnam ¡?sSono. 1985. Davies, J.K. Democracy and Classical Greece. Granham, New Jersey.:Humanities Press. 1978. Finlay, Moses I. Democracy: Ancient and Modern. NewBrunswick, New Jersey.: Rutgers University Press. 1973. Hansen, Moses H. TheAthenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Priciples and Ideology. Oxford, England.:Blackwell. 1991. Strantin, G.R. Athenian Politics c. 800-500B.C.: A Sourcebook. New York, New York. Routledge. 1990

The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet Essay The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet. This play was written in the early 17th century. The plot of this play is two families in Verona. The Capulets and Montagues which have been fighting for many years. At the Capulets party Romeo Montague sees Juliet Capulet and they fall in love. Its not long after were Romeos and Juliets love is doomed as neither family will accept their marriage. Friar Lawrence tries to put things right but his plans are doomed to failure and the couple commit suicide each believing the other is dead. After so many deaths do the families realise they are to blame. We will write a custom essay on The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Elizabethan times arranged marriages was a common thing. Women of the age thirteenth or fourteen were married of to a much older man. Juliet was thirteen when lord Capulet thought of marrying her to Paris, a much older man. The reason of this is because they would want a babe boy. To continue the heir of the family. Juliet agreed to marry Paris until she meet Romeo and fell in love with him. She then disobeyed her father and refused to marry Paris. As she was in love with Romeo. Disobeying her father she knows she has to suffer the consequence. Friar marries Romeo and Juliet together without the parents permission trying to reunite the families. But doesnt work. Meaning now she cant get married to Paris as she already married to Romeo. In Elizabethan times men were head of the house what ever they said was expected to be obeyed. Women were controlled by the males. Women at the ages of thirteen and fourteen were married of to a much old man. Men were less responsible they would do anything they pleased. The children of them times would be bought up by a Nurse. Capulet is head of the family. Like all Elizabethan fathers he is expected to be obeyed. Capulet is a kind considerate father. Capulet discusses his daughters marriage with Paris. She is the hopeful lady of my earth. The things he says about Juliet shows she is very close to his heart and his words suggest she is very important to him as she is the only surviving child of Lord Capulet. Lord Capulet is well liked in the community. He invites many local people to attend the Capulet party. All attended and even some extras. Through fair Verona, find those person but whose names are written there, and to them say my house and welcome on their pleasure stay. Capulet is insisted on being obeyed as he is head of the household and shows that he demands total respect and expects to be obeyed from all members and servants of the family. Am I the master here, or you? An example of Capulets temper is when Juliet refuses to do as she is told and Capulet gets furious. I tell thee what, get thee church o Thursday or never after look me in the face. The reason Capulet gets angry is because he is being disobeyed and he demands respect. Capulet is very cruel and heartless when Juliet disobeys him. He hurls abuse at Juliet, calling her names which would have been incredibly insulting in the Elizabethan times because she refused to do as she was told and didnt want to get married to Paris. Out, you green-sickness carrion! Out, you baggage! Lady Capulet is seen as a typical well -to-do lady of the Elizabethan period. She didnt have much to do with the bringing of her daughter Juliet. Lady Capulet is a very much loyal, obedient wife and mother. .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .postImageUrl , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:visited , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:active { border:0!important; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:active , .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199 .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc76131fa9783281cd3c744b3b3003199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How effectively does Priestly communicate his message to the audience in Act 1 EssayWhen she discusses her daughters marriage to Paris she panics because she doesnt really know much about her own daughter as she didnt have much with bringing her up. So she calls the Nurse back into the room needing her help to persuade Juliet to accept Paris. Nurse, come back again. I have rememberd me, thous her our council. The Nurse talks about the important events in Juliets life. She could have run and waddled all about. It is also obvious that her husband has been a father figure to Juliet. Lady Capulet tells Juliet she must obey her father and marry Paris. She upholds her husbands position as head of the household. Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn. She expects Juliet to be happy to marry Paris and passes Capulets wishes to Juliet. We see lady Capulets cruel, uncaring side as Juliet refuses to obey her father she brings dishonour on the family. Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word. We see the irony of her words as Juliets death occurs very soon after. They also reveal her cold, callous side as she is unwilling to support her daughter. Juliet is the only surviving child of Lord and Lady Capulet. Juliet was thirteen years old, which was consider old enough for her to get married in Elizabethan society. She is not a typical submissive daughter. She agrees to consider Paris as her husband but then falls in love with Romeo. Juliet is very fond of the Nurse and shares her secrets with her. Juliet was raised by the Nurse ever since she was born. This shows that there is a strong bond between the two like mother and daughter. She share all her secrets with the Nurse particularly those about Romeo. The Nurse is like a mother to Juliet. I faith I am sorry that thou art not well. Sweet, sweet, Nurse, tell me what says my love? Juliet is very quick to betray her family honour when she discovers Romeos identity. Juliet knows that her families would never agree to their marriage as Romeo is the son of her fathers enemy. My only love sprung form my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and know too late. Prodigious birth of love it is to me that I must love a loathed enemy. Juliet is stubborn and refuses to marry Paris, disobeying her fathers specific orders. As she is in love with Romeo. England had a strong catholic tradition and having to husbands was not legal. Juliet made it very clear that she will not marry Paris. Unfortunately she is unable to tell her parents as it would result in Romeos death. Now, by Saint Peters church, and peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride! The only thing Juliet now had left was the Nurse even her she losses when the Nurse tells her to forget Romeo and to marry Paris as the Nurse is on her parents side, fearing she may lose her job and leave the Capulet family. Speakest thou from the heart? Juliet then realises she has no-one to turn to for support. The Nurse was a loyal family servant; she is employed by the Capulets, as a wet nurse. She treats Juliet as her own daughter. The Nurse is very fond of Juliet she treats her like her own daughter and supports her when ever she has any problems with Romeo accept. The Nurse bought up Juliet ever since she was born and has always been there for her. Thou wast the prettiest babe that eer I nursed. The Nurse encourages Juliet to continue her relationship with Romeo and interferes with the families business. She really cares for Juliet and is aware of the situation and Juliets infatuation. She is also aware of the feelings of the Capulets and Montagues. .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .postImageUrl , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:visited , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:active { border:0!important; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:active , .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5 .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u577a173b191be5a484ca0d710cdd3db5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drama portfolio two EssayHie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, There stays you a husband to make you a wife. The Nurse fails to support Juliet when is told to marry Paris and lets Juliet down badly. The reason the nurse tells Juliet to forget Romeo and marry Paris is because she backs Juliets parents. Romeos a dishclout to him. Fearing the Capulets would find out she was meddling with the families business and she would be throw out the house and nobody would then employ her knowing she isnt trustworthy and her life would have been ruined. The young members of the families play an important part in the play. They braw at every opportunity to maintain their family honour. They are sons of wealthy people the Capulets and Montagues. They dont have much to do in their time. Tybalt is the cousin of Juliet. The young Capulets and Montagues are always ready to fight each other and this causes problems and anger in Verona. Prince Escalus anger towards the behaviour of the Capulets and Montagues threatens the families with death if theres another incident as it has just gone too far. If ever you disturb the our streets again, Your lies shall pay the forfeit of the peace. Not only the young members of the family fight but even the servants see it as their duty to fight and insult each other. Do you bite your thumb at us, sir? This was regarded as a rude gesture, a serious insult, and they would fight over it. They would find anyway to start a fight. As they have nothing else to do. Tybalts desire to protect the family honour is cause of two deaths. He is the man agitator of the young men. Romeo went to the Capulets party uninvited but not causing any problems. Tybalt sees Romeos presents and sees it as an insult on the family turning up uninviting. Here Tybalt is being belittled and treated as a child by his uncle. It fits when such a villain is a guest; Ill not endure him. This causes Tybalt to desire revenge upon Romeo which he performs later on in the play which results in his own death. This event has transformed Tybalts hatred into more personal hatred towards Romeo rather than just hatred for the whole Montague family. Tybalts use of language makes his character appear determined and adamant. He is an argumentative young man which you can see in the way he speaks to his uncle about what he wishes to do. He looks out for trouble and loves fighting which is why he desires to fight Romeo. I think Shakespeare has explored the theme of family values. He has shown how the families get along. The males are head of the household and accepted total respect and obedience. What they said was expected to be done. If not they had to suffer the consequences. The 21st century audience can learn that families shouldnt fight they are many other ways to settle a problem. Your family is they closes thing that you will have throughout your life, and they people you can trust.

Prejudice Against Gay Parents

Prejudice Against Gay Parents Free Online Research Papers Why is there so much prejudice against gay parenting? Who decides that homosexuals cannot be parents? Within society there has been opposition toward it due to the idea that homosexuality is not natural. But homosexuals are parents, many from previous heterosexual relationships, others through adoption, and very few from sperm donors or invitro fertilization. Research done on these situations has shown no negative effects toward the child. If the child is brought up in a loving environment it does not matter weather one mother, two fathers, or one mother and one father are the people raising the child. The risk of molestation or any other form of abuse of a child, which is being raised by a homosexual, is the same, if not lower that of that of a child being raised by heterosexuals. The standard which society sets for a family and who may raise a child should be examined and reevaluated to include loving parents, not just heterosexual couples. Society has a huge problem with homosexuals having and raising children; this problem is sprung from the idea that homosexuality is not natural. This idea then leads to the argument that since homosexuality is not natural, is it natural for homosexuals to raise or have children? Lets say that it is normal for there to be homosexuals then the argument is that God has prevented them from having children, and they are not meant to raise children. If one takes this argument then you have to take into consideration that by this definition society is condemning heterosexual couples that can not have children. Is this what society wants? Most children that are contained in a homosexual relationship are from previous heterosexual relationships, although the percentages are moving toward the other two forms and the percentages are starting to even out (Shapiro 1996). Gaining custody of a child or children from a previous heterosexual relationship is the most common form of children being placed in a homosexual family. This form of placing a child in a homosexual family is the least controversial because there is one parent from the childs original family. This particular form is the most socially acceptable because the child has usually experienced the relationship that their heterosexual parents had. This means that the child would have a more diverse and better view of his/her choices to do with sexuality; having a better view than a child from a heterosexual relationship. Adoption is another way for homosexuals to acquire children. Some issues relating to this are: if one takes the argument that homosexuals were not made to have children, then you have to agree that heterosexual couples that are not able to have children, should not be able to adopt. (Brienza) The fact of the matter is that we as humans have a common urge or desire to raise children regardless of our sexual tendencies and there should not be any discrimination due to social prejudices. The most controversial way that homosexuals are having children is through the use of donor sperm or Invitro fertilization for the lesbians. Lesbians are artificially inseminated by gaining access to sperm and impregnating themselves. There are two ways for lesbians to become impregnated. Either a man inseminates them naturally, or they go to a sperm bank. This is the major issue because of the very fact that gays cannot have children with their partners, this problem is only there, once again, because of social prejudice. It is socially acceptable for heterosexual couples or females to conceive by non-natural methods, but when a lesbian wants to have a child and follow her natural tendencies there is an uproar. The research that has been done with children raised in gay families is very limited and there have been no documented case studies. This is because the issue has only really come to a head in the last 20 years. This means that the long-term effects, if any, on the childs mental health have not had a chance to be recognized. The research that has been done, however; has not uncovered any adverse effects. The main issue is the family environment that the child is being raised in. If a child is raised in a loving and stable home, they are generally classed as normal children and they usually grow up to join the bulk of society. (Crawford) So the question is whether a loving and stable gay family is different from a loving and stable heterosexual family. There are a lot of good aspects of children being raised in gay families. The children have a greater openness toward minority groups and other groups that are subject to social prejudice. (Benkov) Prejudice is the highest form of ignorance and since the child has grown up in an environment that is very open and they have experienced discrimination at a high level, they will inevitably be more accepting. Children that are raised in homosexual homes are not as affected by taunts when they are growing up as similar children raised in heterosexual homes. This means that these children are much better equipped to cope with schoolyard bullying. Wouldnt it be a good thing that children do not worry about these situations as much? As a result of the children understanding that major taunts are more important than schoolyard minor problem they would not dish out insults. The main concern of society isnt that gays as humans are raising children but the affect that being gay is going to have on the children, and whether or not they are going to turn out normal. An American study found that children of homosexual parents have similar IQs, develop typical friendships, have a normal mental health and are no more likely to be confused about their sexuality (Shapiro 1996). This is not to say that the children are distributed in the same ratio in sexual preference. Actually, homosexual parents have a higher percentage of gay offspring. This is unlikely to do with the parenting style of the gay parents; however, considering that the latest research shows that homosexuality is largely genetic (Shapiro 1996). It may mean that there is an earlier realization of the childs sexual preference. The general social idea is that, both a mom and a dad are essential for a balanced upbringing. If we take the example of a boy, he needs both a mom and a dad for the various parts of his mental and physical development so he can turn out to be a normal man (Not In Their Best Interest). The very fact that normal is dictated by society is the biggest downfall in this argument. If being gay were fully acknowledged by society and seen as part of being normal then there would be no problem with a normal gay person raising children. If homosexuality is genetic then being gay is part of being normal. This means that it would make sense if gay parents raised gay children for the very reason that the parents would be more open and less prejudiced about being gay. Another advantage of gay parents raising children is that they are raised in a world that they can see both sides to sexuality and they can make a more informed choice and follow their inner sexuality. There is only one more issue that is of major concern to the general population and that is the one of pedophilia. This is a major concern because:Even though homosexuals represent less than three percent of the US population, at least on-third of all child molestations involve homosexual activity. Thus, the propensity for pedophilia is far higher among homosexuals(Dudley 1992). Going on these factors, it is a very big risk to let homosexuals raise children. These results are not of homosexual parents but are of homosexual activity, thus not all performed by homosexuals and there is a very slim chance that the figures would include gay parents. If one thinks about the possibility of molesting a child and even their own offspring, it is utterly revolting. There is unfortunately a small percentage of the population that feel that this is normal or feel the need to act in this way. Although the majority of these acts are homosexual in nature the very act that these people perform is perverted and not parenting. In todays society there is a given norm of what a family should and shouldnt be. The very word, family, is referring to a relationship that contains children. The socially accepted version of a family is that there is a mom and a dad and children; not two dads or two mothers. There is a growing number of the latter type of families and society is very split on whether these families are right, and fit for raising children. Society in general has to take a look at themselves and start to work out their own prejudices toward homosexuals. The fact that someone is homosexual is not sufficient enough reason for him or her not to be able to have and raise children in the manner they feel fit. Society will have to get used to the fact that homosexuals are humans too. Bibliography Benkov, Laura \\\Gay With Children\\\. The Advocate. October 1997 p81 Brienza, Julie. Joint adoptions by gays are put on even ground with heterosexual couples. Trail. March 1998. p 98. Crawford, Jill M. \\\Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services\\\ May-June 1999, Volume 80. Dudley, W. (1993) Homosexuality- opposing views. (pp 184-197) USA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Gays Adopting: The horror Current Events-US. 24 December 1997 http://usnews.about.com/new/497.htm Gallup Poll. Increased acceptance of same sex marriages, adoption. 28 May 1998. Gay couples can adopt. Trial. September 1995 p 107. McGraw, Dan. The governor and gays. U.S. News. 5 April 1999. Not in Their Best Interests. Homosexual activists demand the right to adopt. 19 March 2000. cwfa.org/library/family. Shapiro, J.P. (September 16, 1996) Kids with gay parents: as lawmakers battle gay marriages, a look at how the children fare (pp 75-79) U.S: U.S. News World Report Inc. Research Papers on Prejudice Against Gay ParentsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingThe Spring and Autumn

History of world migrations-kindle chapter 3 Essay

History of world migrations-kindle chapter 3 - Essay Example In the early modern duration, migrations again connected the continents by the process of colonization and also coerced migration of people or communities. Political issues such as citizen and alien were also introduced during the early modern migration period. Migrations changed pattern during recent history. The nation states together with the transnational federations identified new approaches of controlling individuals who migrated through their borders (Fisher 76). The migration process is illustrated chronologically and at different levels. For example, the migration involving individual communities, to the bigger migration patterns that entails collective movements of the big ethnic groups. The human movement processes involved; emigration, immigration and also migration. Emigration entails human movement away from a given locality like a state. Immigration involves movement into a place or territory like nation or town, Migration is the human movement from one place to another; for example, from one country to another. Migration process contributed directly to the diversity of the human population, because people adapted to different social, physical and natural environments. Human migration has been historically shaped by three factors; polities, environment and technology. Political factors like colonization lead to the migration of Africans to Europe and the Americas as providers of cheap or slave labor (Fisher 73). Technological developm ents in the telecommunication and transport sectors have enhanced movement of people; for example, from rural areas to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. Environmental issues like floods and droughts forced human populations to move to safer areas like the

Recommendations for further studies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recommendations for further studies - Article Example It may help them in taking adequate care and in designing their courses in a manner that takes into consideration such errors and help their students in successfully overcoming them. The copula, or rather the omission of the copula is one such error which is frequently observed in case of foreign students learning English, particularly Arabic students since there is no such verb in Arabic language structure. This paper on â€Å"The Omission of English Copula (verb to be) by Arabic students attempts to analyze various studies and historical evidences that supports such a fact and understand the difficulties faced by Arabic students.  Various researchers, have frequently, relied on error analysis as the means of evaluating the occurrence of certain types of errors made by L2 learners to understand the pattern as well as reasons behind such errors. Richards et al (1996) states that error analysis have been frequently conducted by researchers to classify and develop strategies which may help the students in learning any language and obtain information on general complexities experienced by the students and help the teachers in preparing appropriate course materials. Michaelides (1990) suggests that the methodical evaluation of errors committed by students are of immense significance to researchers and all those concerned since it offers valuable insights into the students psyche in comprehending a foreign language (Abu-Jarad, 2008). It is on account of such reasons that this study is focused on the errors committed by Arab students of English language with regard to copula omission. A discussion of issues related to various topics such as: an overview of the Arabic language and its system; the difference between Arabic and English language structure in terms of speaking, writing etc; as well as the omission of copula in Arabic is presented in the literature review to afford a comprehensive understanding of such an issue, to the readers as well as future

Current Knowledge in Spatial Thinking in Geography Essay

Current Knowledge in Spatial Thinking in Geography - Essay Example Going by Eliot’s depiction, it is worthwhile to note that intellectual knowledge extrapolates far much beyond observational information or simple sensory. In the field of geography, this extension is well displayed partly in the various forms of representation. Such models become critical in summarizing, analyzing and interpretation to unpack spatial existence and relational traits (Bednarz & Lee, 2011). Towards the late 20th century, there has been a significant deviation in the nature of geographic knowledge. In its history as a discipline, geographic knowledge has been declarative, thus focusing on collection and representation of the physical and human occurrences based on existence. During this period, there has been a change from the inventory dominated practice. The new dispensation sought the creation of knowledge through the emphasis on cognitive demands. Such demands sought to address the questions as to why and how in addition to what and where tags that initially i nterrogated. Consequently, the accumulation of geographic knowledge has changed to item transformation, feature and distribution matching in real-time as well as item manipulation. Such a shift has enabled the solution of tasks such as understanding spatial co-linearity either in negative or positive orientations. Moreover, the logical, inductive and deductive inference has allowed for the recognition of geographic associations. This new way of reasoning and thinking, in turn, called for the development of new data, new representation methods, new modes of spatial analysis and interpretation. More importantly, the new thinking and reasoning required that geographers must consider multiple disciplines. Traditionally, the discipline of geography has provided numerous general education courses. Physical geography introduces students to systems of the earth including anthropogenic and physical factors that shape the earth. On the other hand, human geography provides an insight into the patterns of human activities in a range of scales. However, few of such general education aspects emphasize quantitative solving of problems and technology. Therefore, it is critical for geographers to inculcate aspects of spatial literacy and thinking in institutions of learning (Bednarz & Lee, 2011). According to Goodchild (2007), spatial literacy is the ability to capture and communicate knowledge in the form of a graphical representation and understanding, recognizing and interpreting patterns. With this regard, he points out that geography is not merely a list of places in the world. The value of geography can only be achieved by organizing and discovering information. Additionally, its worth as a discipline can be realized by comprehending such basic information as scale and spatial resolution. As pointed out in National Research Council (NRC) report, Learning to Think Spatially, it is paramount to fully equip next generation of students with spatial literacy so as to work and live in the 21st century. Ultimately, spatial thinking is an integral part of the success of the students. Living beings and their immediate surroundings are situated in space. Human-environment interactions must be comprehended in terms of locations, shapes, directions, distances, and patterns (NRC, 2006).  

Aspects of English Language

Aspects of English Language The language is the collection of symbols and rules for combining the symbols, which can express and infinite variety of messages. In the definition, language separate to three criteria. First is language is symbolic which known as the use of symbols such in spoken or written words to express ideas to the world. The second is language is generative which define as the capability to produce many different messages by combining symbols in different ways. The third language as structured which mean following grammatical rules and produce grammatical sentences. Besides the criteria, language has three aspects such as grammar, meaning and sounds. Three Aspects of Language Grammar is known as a set of rules for producing correct sentences in a language. Meaning is known as semantic understanding of sentences but is not necessary grammatically correct. Meaning of words can represent by breaking them into morphemes which is known as small units of meanings. Morphemes include stem words, prefixes and suffixes. For example word unfairly which has stem word as fair adding of prefix un and suffix ly and these morphemes produces changes in word stem. Each of morphemes contributes the different meaning for the words. The sounds are also very important in language. Its produce the phonemes to understand the spoken sentences. In hierarchical organization when producing sentences people will make error in speaking or slip of the tongue. The errors also can divide into word errors, morphemes errors and phoneme errors. There are other types errors occur in the linguistic such as word exchange, morpheme exchange and phoneme exchange. Word exchange is an error in whi ch two linguistic units are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example buying mother for my fruits rather than buying fruits for my mother. The morpheme exchange is known as error in which two morphemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, sentence like speakly loud rather than speak loudly. Finally, phoneme exchange is known as an error in which two phonemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, twit nower for twin tower. Psychology and Grammar Psychologists are interest to study how people learn to speak in grammatically correct sentences. Phrase structure grammar can define as a set of rules for partitioning a sentence into its grammatical units and it has 3 rules. The first is partitions the sentence into noun phrase followed by verb phrase. The second rule is states that the noun phrase can be partitioned into a determiner followed by a noun. The third rule states that the verb phrase can be partitioned into a verb followed by noun phrase, which is again broken down into a determiner and a noun. But Chomsky (1965) found that the phrase structure grammar does not explain how sentences can be modified to form of similar meaning. Later it came up with transformational grammar which known as a set of rules for transforming a sentence into a closely related sentence. For example, how we change an active statement into a passive statement. Besides that, words can be grammatical clues. The relation between meaning and grammar is important because producing a grammatical sentence does not make the sentence will be meaningful. The meaning of words sometimes provides hints as to grammatical phrases will come next in sentences. Many words have more than one meaning but this would not confuse us. The context in which the word appears gives information about which meaning is appropriate. Carpenter and Danemans (1981) general model of the stages involved in the sentence comprehension. The first stage is as fixate and encode the next word and then second stage is retrieving the meanings of words. The third step is try to integrate retrieved concepts with prior context and the fourth step is seeing whether it has integration been successfully completed for at least one concept. If the integration is successful, the process encodes next code and if not successful, we try to recover the error. Using Semantic Context in Sentence Comprehension The word recognition is often facilitated by the semantic context. Sometimes, people face difficulties in recognizing a word when reading the illegible handwriting and they rely on the surrounding words and sentences to help us identify the illegible word. People also select the meaning of ambiguous words by looking context of sentences. In resolving ambiguities, good readers those who are active in working memory able to interpret of an ambiguous word and quickly select the suitable meaning when they receive a clarifying context. Interpreting phrases is to produce syntactic and semantic representations of a sentence and relate the sentence to prior knowledge. For example, when people heard phrase a business man and they might have few interpretation like have luxury cars, a big bangle and rich with money. Implication of Sentences Comprehension is considering how people understand sentences in which the information asserted directly. But, using language can imply something without directly. In Courtroom testimony, implications can influence not only how a witness responds to questions but also helps the jury to remember about testimony of witness. The implication without telling the original meaning of something can find advertising. Some advertisement tells the problems face by customer and show their product as solution. So that people then understand how the product functioning. Literature Review Title: Investigating the role of language in childrens early educational outcomes From: Sue Roulstone, Judy Clegg Tim Paters (2010) Children develop their language skill at 2 years old. Their communication environments influence mainly their language development. The communication environments are the context where the children improve their language for example, interaction or activity with child and parent, playing with others, television program and others. In childhood period most children develop their speech and language skills with less effort. Roulston, Clegg and Paters (2010) have conducted a longitudinal study about their communication environment in childrens early educational performances. They want examine the characteristics of the environment in which children learn to communicate and extends which affect children readiness for school (language skills, reading, mathematics and social skills). They came up with three research questions. First is what extent is childs early language development associated with performance on assessments in schools. The second is what extent is the childs early communication environment associated with performance on the assessments. Third is what are the characteristics of the children early communication environment that contribute to the children language developments. They conducted the study on children who are in 24 months from 4941 boys and 4688 girls. The test conducted with questionnaires which complete by the mothers. The data collected about children academic performance from children schools. They found that from view of impact of children early language development on school entry, the language influenced mainly from social class or social background where children come from. The learning early language made an important contribution to the variation in childrens performance. Children understandings and use of vocabulary are very strongly associates with their performance. Besides that, from view of the impact of children communication environment, children who are early ownership of book, trips to library, get good attendance in school, parents teaching with activities and toys achieved higher scores on the assessment. Children also improve language from television program however, the increasing duration in time of watching television affect childs academic at school negatively. From the view of role of communication environment in the development of language skills, both childrens language skills communication environment are important for outcomes at start of primary schools. Communication environment helps to learn vocabulary, understanding of meaning of words and develop speech. Therefore, the role of language becomes clear within 24 months. Parents should make sure that children have better communication environment which help them to develop their language skills.

Driving Ability Essay -- essays research papers

What things affect your driving ability? There are many things that affect your driving ability. Your emotional, vision and physical condition are just a few. Responsibility, maturity, and self-control are factors that affect your driving. It’s not just skill that matters. It’s your ability to think clearly and make sound, responsible decisions. Everybody experiences strong feelings that are both positive and negative. When you experience a strong negative emotion, you may feel as if you have to display forcefulness. This can lead to driving aggressively. This is called road rage. Violence is sometimes associated with road rage. Strong emotions can have an effect on your driving. They can interfere with your ability to manage the risk involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inattention and lack of concentration may affect your driving. Both of them take your mind off of the road. It could be you being preoccupied or thinking about an exciting basketball play. It may be that you are thinking about a test that you need to study for, your boyfriend or girlfriend. The lack of concentration may cause you to speed or break other driving rules without you realizing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safe driving is a full-time job for your mind and your body. Drivers must be in a state of mind that allows them to see, hear, acknowledge signals of the roadway and behave accordingly. If the occasion ever occurs when you’re not in the right state of mind, allow someone else to drive fo...